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Mineral specimens with inclusions - (28)
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Elise




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PostPosted: Sep 01, 2011 13:53    Post subject: Mineral specimens with inclusions - (28)  

I wondered if any members might have an interest in sharing images of intact mineral specimens with interesting inclusions, especially the whole specimen accompanied by a detail of the inclusion(s). I think that seeing inclusions in the context of its host crystal for a variety of minerals would be fascinating - even if it is just an arrow pointing to the location of the inclusion or a description of its relationship to the host crystal structure. We've had some separate threads about specific species or types of inclusions, such as the helical one https://www.mineral-forum.com/message-board/viewtopic.php?t=1337 but maybe a thread of a more general nature would grow. I am thinking of Alfredo's quip to me which went something like "inclusions are just minerals with expertly trimmed matrix" ... or something like that.

What prompted this inquiry was that I stayed up half the night studying a collection of several dozen inclusion specimens which I only had access to for less than 24 hours before I had to return the box back across the country. Part of the fascination for me with inclusion science is learning how something came to be - studying one 400 micron mineral inclusion in detail has recently taken me to both Brookhaven and Argonne synchrotrons ( that might be considered overkill!) - there was not enough time with this collection to work out what was going on crystallographically in the pieces, which as you can imagine, is more difficult to do after its transformation by the lapidary artist. Unfortunately, most specimens I see are already fashioned into a bead or gem or sculpture etc - I am curious if there is a faction of mineral collectors who specialize in unadulterated included minerals - or maybe "rough & cuts" (or at least a polished window through which get a better view).

I am already starting this off badly - I don't have a natural specimen to share for the fashioned ones I am posting below; I can only imagine how the crystal may have appeared -- I just thought it was neat and hope that Jordi doesn't evict me as a crystal chopper. These are 2 pieces I examined last night which made me wish I could have seen the original crystal, though it is fun to also figure it out just using the microscope: The "polka dots" are centered around the c axis of the quartz, roughly indicated by my attempts to insert a line, and are apparently formed under the rhombehedral faces, 6 total with one cab showing a second set below. I assume these are phantom formations and the "blooms" are hematite - each oval is composed of hundreds of colorful concretions. Has anyone seen natural quartz crystals with these within? I think it would be a spectacular sight!

Cheers!
Elise



qtzcab.jpg
 Description:
Quartz with inclusions
Unknown locality
each approximately 12mm at base
 Viewed:  78948 Time(s)

qtzcab.jpg



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Antonio Alcaide
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PostPosted: Sep 01, 2011 15:23    Post subject: Re: Mineral specimens with inclusions  

Great idea!! Elise: a general thread for minerals with inclusions. Recently, at the Spanish Forum, a member confessed his passion for inclusions. Despite the Spanish I give the link (interesting pictures of included new fluorites from Asturias, Spain):

https://www.foro-minerales.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=63100#63100

I shall try to post another example later.

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Duncan Miller




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PostPosted: Sep 02, 2011 01:58    Post subject: Re: Mineral specimens with inclusions  

Elise

Good idea for a thread, but, if the haematite spots are arranged symmetrically around the c-axis they could be portions of a haematite skin coating the original rhombohedral faces. Clever cutting would preserve these as more or less round spots. I have seen similar stones produced from haematite-coated so-called 'Orange river' quartz from Namaqualand, South Africa. In that case they are not inclusions, but overgrowths. Are your spots embedded, or exposed?

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am mizunaka




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PostPosted: Sep 02, 2011 02:58    Post subject: Re: Mineral specimens with inclusions  

Aquamarine with Ferrocolumbite inclusion.


AquaIncl2.jpg
 Description:
Aquamarine
Shigar Valley, Skardu District, Baltistan, Pakistan
5.7 x 2.5 cm.
 Viewed:  78810 Time(s)

AquaIncl2.jpg



AquaFerroInc.jpg
 Description:
Ferrocolumbite
Shigar Valley, Skardu District, Baltistan, Pakistan
 Viewed:  78792 Time(s)

AquaFerroInc.jpg


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John S. White
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PostPosted: Sep 02, 2011 05:31    Post subject: Re: Mineral specimens with inclusions  

I have many examples, here is one of my favorites. I do not have a photo of the whole specimen, but will take one and post it later.


quartz with cookeite & apatite incl. - Brazil - 6-2-45 Feather.jpg
 Description:
quartz with cookeite and apatite
Peralhas, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
Whole specimen is 8 cm across
Photos by Russell Feather
 Viewed:  78829 Time(s)

quartz with cookeite & apatite incl. - Brazil - 6-2-45 Feather.jpg



quartz with apatite incl. - Brazil 6-2-45 Feather.jpg
 Description:
close-up of the apatite
Parelhas
the apatites are about 1 mm in size
 Viewed:  78776 Time(s)

quartz with apatite incl. - Brazil 6-2-45 Feather.jpg



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PostPosted: Sep 02, 2011 05:57    Post subject: Re: Mineral specimens with inclusions  

Here is the whole piece. All of the side faces have been polished, otherwise you would not be able to see the inclusions. The cookeite xls are all on one plane and the apatite xls, which came later, are on another parallel plane. Again the piece is 8 cm across.


DSCN3316.JPG
 Description:
quartz with cookeite and apatite inclusions
Parelhas, Brazil
 Viewed:  78843 Time(s)

DSCN3316.JPG



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silvio steinhaus




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PostPosted: Sep 02, 2011 09:09    Post subject: Re: Mineral specimens with inclusions  

Agate with Goethite inclusions.
As the total sample is 3 x 2 cm and is cut cabochon



COLEÇÃO 186A - JPG.JPG
 Description:
Agata with Goethite inclusions.
Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
The inclusion measures 1 X 1 cm
 Viewed:  78710 Time(s)

COLEÇÃO 186A - JPG.JPG


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PostPosted: Sep 02, 2011 11:54    Post subject: Re: Mineral specimens with inclusions  

Antonio Alcaide wrote:
Great idea!! Elise: a general thread for minerals with inclusions

I was hoping that would be the answer...and was going to ask if agates count, but then Silvio let the sun shine in....

Quartz and calcite are the two minerals I can't get enough of. Below are 3 quartz crystals with variations on the rhombehedral faces, the one in the middle I chose as an example of almost equal r and z faces so I could try to explain what I thought about the polka dot cabs (see next post). The one on the right has a nice two phase inclusion (see close-up). I believe the sphere is a gas bubble with smootch (technical term) adhering to its surface -- a fun one to use in demonstrations as it is easily seen moving around. I believe this and the middle crystal are from Nepal - purchased long ago at the Syracuse show and have used it so much that I no longer have documentation attached.

John, I love that specimen and the view of the apatite crystals in cross-section. Do they break the surface and stick out? or is that a sideview of a plane within?

Elise



3qtzxtls3a.jpg
 Description:
Quartz
Left, unknown; Right two Nepal?
Largest (right) 55 mm
 Viewed:  78709 Time(s)

3qtzxtls3a.jpg



quartz2phase.jpg
 Description:
Close-up of two-phase inclusion shown in quartz crystal at right (arrow), same orientation.
 Viewed:  78680 Time(s)

quartz2phase.jpg



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PostPosted: Sep 02, 2011 11:59    Post subject: Re: Mineral specimens with inclusions  

Quartz with inclusion of green Uvite


IMG_2860.JPG
 Description:
Quartz with inclusion of green Uvite
Serra das Éguas, Brumado (Bom Jesus dos Meiras), Bahia, Brazil
Cristal - 27 X 70 X 23mm / Uvite -the largest 8 X 10 X 8mm
 Viewed:  78674 Time(s)

IMG_2860.JPG


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PostPosted: Sep 02, 2011 12:03    Post subject: Re: Mineral specimens with inclusions  

Quartz with inclusion of green Uvite


IMG_2861.JPG
 Description:
Quartz with inclusion of green Uvite
Serra das Éguas, Brumado (Bom Jesus dos Meiras), Bahia, Brazil
Quartz - 30 X 75 x 25mm
 Viewed:  78724 Time(s)

IMG_2861.JPG


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PostPosted: Sep 02, 2011 12:09    Post subject: Re: Mineral specimens with inclusions  

Amethyst with inclusion of Cristobalite


IMG_8100-3.jpg
 Description:
Amethyst with inclusion of Cristobalite
Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Amethyst with 25 X 45 X 28mm - 3 x 3mm Cristobalite
 Viewed:  78757 Time(s)

IMG_8100-3.jpg


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PostPosted: Sep 02, 2011 12:12    Post subject: Re: Mineral specimens with inclusions  

xenolithos wrote:
Elise Good idea for a thread, but, if the haematite spots are arranged symmetrically around the c-axis they could be portions of a haematite skin coating the original rhombohedral faces. Clever cutting would preserve these as more or less round spots. I have seen similar stones produced from haematite-coated so-called 'Orange river' quartz from Namaqualand, South Africa. In that case they are not inclusions, but overgrowths. Are your spots embedded, or exposed?Duncan

Hi Duncan, I hope you can laugh with me (not at me) re my kitchen table rendering of phantoms -- the blooms look more egg-shaped then they actually are because of the perspective; they are tilted towards the c axis and are exactly parallel, stacked one above the other - I believe parallel to the original rhomb faces. There may have been ones on the original crystal face surface; otherwise the first stack is below the surface of the cabochon (the lapidary ground and polished the terminus off until left with the layer of blooms). In the drawing, I tried to show how I thought the original crystal might have looked; the blooms under the faces hidden behind are seen in side view (through the visible faces) to show that they are just below the surface. Sorry this isn't very accurate, but I hope gives an idea of what I think is going on. I actually think it is probably a mixture of several minerals in the blooms, but did not get that far looking at it yet.

Best wishes,
Elise



polkadotxtl.jpg
 Description:
Quartz with inclusions
 Viewed:  78683 Time(s)

polkadotxtl.jpg



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PostPosted: Sep 02, 2011 12:18    Post subject: Re: Mineral specimens with inclusions  

Calcite with inclusion of goethite on amethyst


IMG_1435.JPG
 Description:
Calcite with inclusion of goethite on amethyst
Frederico Westphalen, Rio Grande do Sul, Barsil
Calcite Size - 18 X 20 X 18mm
 Viewed:  78740 Time(s)

IMG_1435.JPG


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PostPosted: Sep 02, 2011 12:37    Post subject: Re: Mineral specimens with inclusions  

OK Elise - If I have got it right some of the 'blooms' are inside the quartz, not just on the surface. That is not the same as the cabochons I have seen cut from haematite-coated crystals, that have the red/brown patches on the outside. Thanks for the clarification. Duncan
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PostPosted: Sep 02, 2011 13:22    Post subject: Re: Mineral specimens with inclusions  

Elise, you have tapped into a vein that runs rich and deep in the collector community. Mineral Inclusions is/are actually a very broad category that can be broken down on the basis of inclusion grain size (from coloring agents to mega-inclusions), related versus unrelated species (species sequentially deposited from the same fluid versus accidental inclusions..."dirt" sifted onto crystal faces during growth) and formation mechanism (embracing minerals that exsolve from an earlier phase on cooling versus overgrowths). There are also liquid inclusions (enhydros in rockhound parlance) that also form in a number of ways...and you can carry the study deeper by looking at the "daughter" minerals that precipitate from the trapped liquids!). There are actually several historic threads on FMF that deal with certain specific included materials...from those leading to general coloration...Prase (green quartz colored by very fine-grained amphibole-pyroxene inclusions; to oriented fine-grained inclusions that create optical effects...Asterism (aligned inclusions in corundum...probably an exsolution phenomenon rather than trapping); to slightly coarser inclusions that can be discriminated with the naked eye that give color and/or optical effects...Strawberry quartz (wispy to whiskery hematite inclusions in quartz...see work by co-moderator John S. White)...to oriented mega-inclusions...your hematite plates and the galena phantoms in fluorite below)...to (apparently) randomly oriented mega inclusions ("psilomelane" in quartz below).

I am really glad you are tapping into this lode...



se prase cc 2.jpg
 Description:
Prase Actinolite (?) inclusions in Quartz
San Antonio Mine, Santa Eulalia, Chihuahua, Mexico
cabinet specimen 10 cm across
"Prase" green quartz colored by inclusions of "actinolite" (green amphibole retrograde product of hydration of original green pyroxene)
 Viewed:  78619 Time(s)

se prase cc 2.jpg



cal-prase.JPG
 Description:
Calcite "prase" on grossularite
Naica Mine, Chihuahua, Mexico
minature
Rhombohedral calcite crystal with "actinolte" inclusions. Actinolite has same origin here as in the quartz from San Antonio above.
 Viewed:  78648 Time(s)

cal-prase.JPG



starofasia2.jpg
 Description:
The Star of India" corundum with oriented inclusions
India. Photograher unknown
2 cm ?
Beautifully oriented exsolution inclusions in corundum showing orientation and asterism effect
 Viewed:  78652 Time(s)

starofasia2.jpg



Uruachic strawberry quartz 3.jpg
 Description:
Hematite in Quartz
Flor de Esperanza Mine, Uruachic, Chihuahua, Mexico
3 cm field of view
Famous "Strawberry Quartz" of Mexico...see JSW work
 Viewed:  78660 Time(s)

Uruachic strawberry quartz 3.jpg



Naica fluorite phantom.jpg
 Description:
Galena in Fluorite
Naica Mine, Chihuahua, Mexico
small cabinet. Jeff Scovil photo, my rock
Phantom created by galena growth on early octahedral growth stage, contrasting nicely with final modified cubic growth.
 Viewed:  78681 Time(s)

Naica fluorite phantom.jpg



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PostPosted: Sep 02, 2011 13:24    Post subject: Re: Mineral specimens with inclusions  

Miissed one


SE phantom web.jpg
 Description:
"psilomelane" in quartz
Level 3, Inglaterra Mine, Santa Eulalia, Chihuahua, Mexico
minature
"Psilomelane" (exact species unknown) and rhodochrosite (in background) in limpid quartz
 Viewed:  78671 Time(s)

SE phantom web.jpg



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PostPosted: Sep 02, 2011 13:26    Post subject: Re: Mineral specimens with inclusions  

Should have also mentioned John Koivula's exhaustive work on inclusions in quartz...this is a wonderfully and profusely illustrated book
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PostPosted: Sep 02, 2011 13:44    Post subject: Re: Mineral specimens with inclusions  

Elise, the apatite is seen through the quartz, it was not broken to expose the crystals.

Here is another favorite of mine. The black dot is a spherical bubble that is coated by some form of carbon. It moves back and forth about 5 millimeters, and is only about 2 mm in diameter. The quartz crystal is 4.8 cm across.

The locality given to me by the dealer is Zhao Tong, Yunan, China.



quartz with black bubble - China 15-2-28.JPG
 Description:
 Viewed:  78583 Time(s)

quartz with black bubble - China 15-2-28.JPG



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PostPosted: Sep 02, 2011 13:53    Post subject: Re: Mineral specimens with inclusions  

Peter Megaw wrote:
(snip) There are actually several historic threads on FMF that deal with certain specific included materials... I am really glad you are tapping into this lode...
.....Should have also mentioned John Koivula's exhaustive work on inclusions in quartz...this is a wonderfully and profusely illustrated book

Perhaps it would be nice to collect some links to those separate FMF threads within this current thread. This might make it a very useful and interesting resource. As some probably know, I am a great fan of John Koivula's work. One of my best memories is of sitting in the Koivula's livingroom while John gave me a tour of some of his favorite specimens - the dialogue was as much fun as getting to see the actual pieces. John White put a notice about the PhotoAtlas series here on FMF: https://www.mineral-forum.com/message-board/viewtopic.php?t=1112 I would think that these books would be of great interest to the mineral world; they certainly have been a very valuable asset to my collaboration with mineralogists. They just don't seem to be well known outside of the gem world, at least in academic circles.

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PostPosted: Sep 02, 2011 15:09    Post subject: Re: Mineral specimens with inclusions  

xenolithos wrote:
OK Elise - If I have got it right some of the 'blooms' are inside the quartz, not just on the surface. That is not the same as the cabochons I have seen cut from haematite-coated crystals, that have the red/brown patches on the outside. Thanks for the clarification. Duncan

Hi Duncan - after staring at the photograph and thinking about what you described, you were right all along; the ovals were an artifact of the fashioning. It was only one phantom layer; in my haste to get a look at all the specimens in the box, I just did not see where the outline of the ovals broke the surface (on the more intriguing smaller cab) and had thought that their shape was natural ( the ovals themselves are made up of little formations which appear similar to those seen in John Koivula's PhotoAtlas Vol 2, page 609). In the photograph, the cab on the right shows the lower ovals as parallel to the prism face, not the rhombehedal face and not stacked as I had drawn it - it is confusing to sort out when looking through the cab, I had thought that the lower ones were below the 6 upper ones. I wish I had had it longer to study more carefully and not in the wee hours of the night. On the other cab I had noted the inclusions breaking the surface in some places, but had not thought about what it meant nor had I seen if the interface outlined the whole oval. My favorite quote via Dr. Roedder is appropriate at this juncture ... it has been pinned right next to my microscope for several years...maybe I should be made to sing it at the next FMF party...:

"A quotation from a 1743 book by Henry Baker, "The Microscope Made Easy, " provides a fitting admonition for all inclusionists involved in the many problems of phase (and artifact) identification in fluid inclusions (Dr. Edwin Roedder, 1992): "Beware of determining and declaring your Opinion suddenly on any Object; for Imagination often gets the Start of Judgement, and makes People believe they see Things, which better Observations will convince them could not possibly be seen: therefore assert nothing till after repeated Experiments and Examinations in all Lights and in all Positions. When you employ the Microscope, shake off all Prejudice, nor harbour any favorite Opinion; for, if you do, 'tis not unlikely Fancy will betray you into Error, and make you think you see what you would wish to see. Remember that Truth alone is the Matter you are in search after; and if you have been mistaken, let not Vanity seduce you to persist in your Mistake."

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