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silvia
Joined: 10 Oct 2021
Posts: 259
Location: UK



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Posted: Oct 21, 2021 14:22 Post subject: Silvia's Collection - A very brief Introduction to mining at Panasqueira |
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A VERY BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO MINING AT PANASQUEIRA
Mechanized room and pillar stoping is the principle mining method used at Panasqueira. It is made possible by the sub-horizontal nature of the Quartz veins and the very structurally sound nature of the host rock. Underground supports are seldom needed, but when argillaceous faults are encountered, concrete reinforcement is used, with arches either side of such faults in the main drives. When large opening are needed, rock bolts, screen and shotcrete provide the necessary support.
Stoping begins with ramps being driven to access the mineralized veins, in those areas where diamond drilling has indicated quartz intersections equal to or above 18 cm.
When a vein is accessed, it is blocked out on a basic 100m by 100m pattern. Ore passes of 1.8 metre diameter are generally bored near the drive/panel intersections. Ore can then be dropped down to the main haulage levels. Chutes are installed in the bottom of the ore-passes to facilitate the loading of the wagons.
Blast holes are drilled 2.4 metres in length and are 43mm in diameter.
There are four main levels in the mine, and all levels are connected by ramps. Level 530mRL (metres above sea level) is the main water drainage level of the mine. It lies between level 2 (560mRL) and Level 3 (470 mRL).
Below level 2 (560mRL) is the crusher. Ore above level 2 (560 mRL) is fed from ore passes (bins) into 4 Ton self-tipping rail cars and hauled by electric and diesel trolley locomotives to the ore chute on level 2 (560 mRL). The level 2 (560 mRL) ore chute feeds the underground crusher.
Ore from below Level 2 is trammed on Level 3 to the winze where the rail cars are individually hoisted to Level 2. From this shaft the cars are trammed to where they self-dump into the crusher ore chute. The underground crusher feeds ore to a conveyor belt in the Santa Barbara hoisting ramp.
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Ore Chute to Underground Crusher |
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Trucks dumping Ore into Ore Chute |
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Ore Chute to Underground Crusher another view |
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Another Ore Chute to load trucks |
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Ore Bin, note the circular hole - a product of the Bore Raiser used in the mine |
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Crusher feeding conveyor belt |
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Many fine specimens crushed to feed extraction facilities on the surface. |
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silvia
Joined: 10 Oct 2021
Posts: 259
Location: UK



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Posted: Oct 23, 2021 15:08 Post subject: Silvia's Collection - Classic Portugese Ferberite |
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A classic Portuguese Ferberite with large lustrous bladed and blocky crystals of Ferberite measuring to 9 cm x 8 cm x 2 cm in size forming an aesthetic cluster with Chalcopyrite, minor Pyrite, and Muscovite.
Mineral: | Ferberite, Chalcopyrite, Pyrite, Muscovite |
Locality: | Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal |  |
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Dimensions: | 14 cm x 10 cm x 10 cm |
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19560 Time(s) |

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Mineral: | Ferberite, Chalcopyrite, Pyrite, Muscovite |
Locality: | Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal |  |
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Dimensions: | 14 cm x 10 cm x 10 cm |
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19577 Time(s) |

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Mineral: | Ferberite, Chalcopyrite, Pyrite, Muscovite |
Locality: | Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal |  |
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Dimensions: | 14 cm x 10 cm x 10 cm |
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Mineral: | Ferberite, Chalcopyrite, Pyrite, Muscovite |
Locality: | Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal |  |
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Dimensions: | 14 cm x 10 cm x 10 cm |
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Mineral: | Ferberite, Chalcopyrite, Pyrite, Muscovite |
Locality: | Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal |  |
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Dimensions: | 14 cm x 10 cm x 10 cm |
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silvia
Joined: 10 Oct 2021
Posts: 259
Location: UK



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Posted: Oct 24, 2021 20:05 Post subject: Silvia's Collection - Huge Siderite |
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Large disc-shaped crystal of Siderite 14 cm in size set on a matrix of crystallized Siderite with Pyrite and Arsenopyrite.
Mineral: | Siderite, Arsenopyrite, Pyrite |
Locality: | Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal |  |
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Dimensions: | 15 cm x 15 cm x 7 cm |
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Large disk of Siderite - Front View |
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Mineral: | Siderite, Arsenopyrite, Pyrite |
Locality: | Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal |  |
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Dimensions: | 15 cm x 15 cm x 7 cm |
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19503 Time(s) |

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Tobi
Site Admin

Joined: 07 Apr 2009
Posts: 4248
Location: Germany



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Posted: Oct 25, 2021 01:34 Post subject: Re: Silvia's Collection |
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Outstanding specimens, Silvia! That large ferberite is a stunner!
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silvia
Joined: 10 Oct 2021
Posts: 259
Location: UK



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Posted: Oct 25, 2021 14:41 Post subject: Re: Silvia's Collection |
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Tobi wrote: | Outstanding specimens, Silvia! That large ferberite is a stunner! |
Thank you Tobi.
We have worked very hard to acquire some very nice Ferberite specimens from Panasqueira. Panasqueira does produce copper and tin concentrates for export, but Tungsten is the most important metal at the mine. In fact without Tungsten there would be no Panasqueira.
By the way we have been promised some representative samples (ca. 250 gram each) of all the concentrates from Panasqueira – tin, copper, tungsten – and when properly exhibited these should also add a lot of depth to our collection.
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silvia
Joined: 10 Oct 2021
Posts: 259
Location: UK



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Posted: Oct 25, 2021 17:59 Post subject: Re: Silvia's Collection - Schorl/Dravite Panasqueira |
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Glassy green tabular Fluorapatite crystals to 2 cm in size on a base of fine needle like crystals of Schorl-Dravite (confirmed) and crystals of brassy Marcasite-Arsenopyrite to 1 cm. Quartz is also present. The rear of the specimen contains microcrystals of Dolomite. The Fluorapatite crystals display bright orange fluorescence in the presence of UVA light.
Mineral: | Fluorapatite, Dravite-Schorl Series, Marcasite/Arsenopyrite, Quartz, Dolomite |
Locality: | Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal |  |
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Dimensions: | 11 cm x 7 cm x 3 cm |
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19195 Time(s) |

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Mineral: | Fluorapatite, Dravite-Schorl Series |
Locality: | Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal |  |
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Dimensions: | 11 cm x 7 cm x 3 cm |
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19197 Time(s) |

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Mineral: | Fluorapatite, Dravite-Schorl Series, Dolomite |
Locality: | Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal |  |
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Dimensions: | 11 cm x 7 cm x 3 cm |
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19176 Time(s) |

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Mineral: | Fluorapatite, Dravite-Schorl Series |
Locality: | Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal |  |
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Dimensions: | 11 cm x 7 cm x 3 cm |
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19172 Time(s) |

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Mineral: | Fluorapatite, Dravite-Schorl Series |
Locality: | Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal |  |
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Dimensions: | 11 cm x 7 cm x 3 cm |
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19191 Time(s) |

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Mineral: | Fluorapatite, Dravite-Schorl Series |
Locality: | Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal |  |
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Dimensions: | 11 cm x 7 cm x 3 cm |
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19160 Time(s) |

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Mineral: | Fluorapatite, Dravite-Schorl Series, Marcasite/Arsenopyrite |
Locality: | Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal |  |
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Dimensions: | 11 cm x 7 cm x 3 cm |
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19205 Time(s) |

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Mineral: | Fluorapatite, Dravite-Schorl Series |
Locality: | Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal |  |
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Dimensions: | 11 cm x 7 cm x 3 cm |
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19173 Time(s) |

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Mineral: | Dolomite, Dravite-Schorl Series |
Locality: | Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal |  |
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Dimensions: | 11 cm x 7 cm x 3 cm |
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19182 Time(s) |

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am mizunaka

Joined: 09 Apr 2010
Posts: 2210
Location: USA



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Posted: Oct 25, 2021 20:10 Post subject: Re: Silvia's Collection - Schorl/Dravite Panasqueira |
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silvia wrote: | Glassy green tabular Fluorapatite crystals to 2 cm in size on a base of fine needle like crystals of Schorl-Dravite (confirmed) and crystals of brassy Marcasite-Arsenopyrite to 1 cm. Quartz is also present. The rear of the specimen contains microcrystals of Dolomite. The Fluorapatite crystals display bright orange fluorescence in the presence of UVA light. |
A splendid fluorapatite specimen!
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silvia
Joined: 10 Oct 2021
Posts: 259
Location: UK



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Posted: Oct 26, 2021 18:07 Post subject: Re: Silvia's Collection - Schorl/Dravite Panasqueira |
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am mizunaka wrote: | silvia wrote: | Glassy green tabular Fluorapatite crystals to 2 cm in size on a base of fine needle like crystals of Schorl-Dravite (confirmed) and crystals of brassy Marcasite-Arsenopyrite to 1 cm. Quartz is also present. The rear of the specimen contains microcrystals of Dolomite. The Fluorapatite crystals display bright orange fluorescence in the presence of UVA light. |
A splendid fluorapatite specimen! |
Many thanks AM, it is very encouraging to get positive feedback
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silvia
Joined: 10 Oct 2021
Posts: 259
Location: UK



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Posted: Oct 26, 2021 18:16 Post subject: Fluorite Panasqueira style - Silvia's Collection |
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Lustrous bluish purple translucent crystals of Fluorite to 1.5 cm in size on a matrix containing micro crystals of Pyrite, small green crystals of Fluorapatite, and Siderite. The Fluorapatite crystals show a bright orange fluorescence in the presence of UVA light
Mineral: | Fluorite, Pyrite, Siderite, Fluorapatite |
Locality: | Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal |  |
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Dimensions: | 8 cm x 6 cm x 4 cm |
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Fluorite in collector quality specimens is not too common at Panasqueira, but a representative sample must be included in all collections of Panasqueira minerals |
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18864 Time(s) |

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Mineral: | Fluorite, Pyrite, Siderite, Fluorapatite |
Locality: | Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal |  |
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Dimensions: | 8 cm x 6 cm x 4 cm |
Description: |
Detail of the Fluorite crystals |
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18883 Time(s) |

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Mineral: | Fluorite, Siderite, Pyrite |
Locality: | Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal |  |
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Dimensions: | 8 cm x 6 cm x 4 cm |
Description: |
Detail of Fluorite and Siderite |
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18877 Time(s) |

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Mineral: | Fluorite, Pyrite, Siderite, Fluorapatite |
Locality: | Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal |  |
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Dimensions: | 8 cm x 6 cm x 4 cm |
Description: |
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18857 Time(s) |

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Mineral: | Fluorite, Pyrite, Siderite, Fluorapatite |
Locality: | Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal |  |
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Dimensions: | 8 cm x 6 cm x 4 cm |
Description: |
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18845 Time(s) |

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Tobi
Site Admin

Joined: 07 Apr 2009
Posts: 4248
Location: Germany



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Posted: Oct 27, 2021 05:55 Post subject: Re: Fluorite Panasqueira style - Silvia's Collection |
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silvia wrote: | Fluorite in collector quality specimens is not too common at Panasqueira, but a representative sample must be included in all collections of Panasqueira minerals | That's right, not too common. The more I like this sample, the fluorites are well developed with an interesting structure (kind of intergrown cuboctahedral crystals?) and have a wonderful dark blue colour in contrast with the associated minerals. Panasqueira is not a main focus of mine but I like the minerals from that deposit - especially when they are combined in such a colourful piece!
Regards
Tobi
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silvia
Joined: 10 Oct 2021
Posts: 259
Location: UK



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Posted: Oct 27, 2021 15:12 Post subject: Re: Fluorite Panasqueira style - Silvia's Collection |
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Tobi wrote: | silvia wrote: | Fluorite in collector quality specimens is not too common at Panasqueira, but a representative sample must be included in all collections of Panasqueira minerals | That's right, not too common. The more I like this sample, the fluorites are well developed with an interesting structure (kind of intergrown cuboctahedral crystals?) and have a wonderful dark blue colour in contrast with the associated minerals. Panasqueira is not a main focus of mine but I like the minerals from that deposit - especially when they are combined in such a colourful piece!
Regards
Tobi |
Pity Panasqueira is not your mine too. :)
I will be posting some pictures of another Fluorite specimen soon in which the Fluorite occurs as frosted blue cubic crystals with Fluorapatite.
We also have some very nice Cassiterite specimens from Panasqueira too, nothing like the material we have from Viloco, but still an important addition to our suite of Panasqueira minerals.
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silvia
Joined: 10 Oct 2021
Posts: 259
Location: UK



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Posted: Oct 28, 2021 13:18 Post subject: The Crystal Shop - Silvia's Collection |
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Mineral Collecting at Panasqueira
During most of the life of the Mine, its owners and operators have had a strict no mineral collecting policy. One of the conditions of employment requires all workers in the mine to have bags, helmets and work clothing checked before they leave the mine.
In Barroca Grande, the mine operates a mineral shop. Mine workers are encouraged to take any specimens they find in the mine during the course of their working activities to the crystal shop. The proceeds of the sale of the minerals so found benefit the shareholders and the local community. This is a really fine win-win situation for all parties.
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Locality: | Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal |  |
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Entrance to modern mine - note Security Office. |
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Worker being checked for minerals, circa 1960's - Old mine entrance, Barroca Grande |
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20581 Time(s) |

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Mineral: | _ |
Locality: | Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal |  |
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Workers being screened in the 2000's at new mine entrance. |
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20568 Time(s) |

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Mineral: | _ |
Locality: | Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal |  |
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20592 Time(s) |

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Mineral: | _ |
Locality: | Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal |  |
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Crystal Shop - large specimens in locked cabinet |
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20621 Time(s) |

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Mineral: | _ |
Locality: | Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal |  |
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Crystal Shop - lots of Quartz |
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20560 Time(s) |

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Mineral: | _ |
Locality: | Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal |  |
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Description: |
Crystal Shop - mixed specimens |
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20573 Time(s) |

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Mineral: | _ |
Locality: | Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal |  |
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Description: |
Crystal Shop - Quartz specimens |
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20611 Time(s) |

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Mineral: | _ |
Locality: | Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal |  |
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Crystal Shop - young lady showing some Ferberite crystals for sale. |
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20557 Time(s) |

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Mineral: | _ |
Locality: | Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal |  |
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Description: |
A very large plate of Ferberite crystals - note scale in lower right |
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20569 Time(s) |

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Description: |
The Crystal Shop - Bottles showing concentrates produced at the mine. We have been promised some of these too for our collection. |
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20575 Time(s) |

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Mineral: | _ |
Locality: | Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal |  |
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The Crystal Shop - sets of all the main minerals recovered from the mine. This would be a great gift for a young person with an interest in minerals. |
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20575 Time(s) |

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Mineral: | _ |
Locality: | Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal |  |
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Description: |
A newspaper article about a vendor in Panasqueira minerals. |
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20579 Time(s) |

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Jordi Fabre
Overall coordinator of the Forum

Joined: 07 Aug 2006
Posts: 5071
Location: Barcelona



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Posted: Oct 28, 2021 13:32 Post subject: Re: Silvia's Collection |
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Tantas lembranças!
Saudinhas ao Zé da tropa
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silvia
Joined: 10 Oct 2021
Posts: 259
Location: UK



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Posted: Oct 29, 2021 17:29 Post subject: Cassiterite - Silvia's Collection |
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The specimen has lustrous black sharp crystals of Cassiterite to 2 cm in size with bright metallic crystals of Arsenopyrite to 2 cm. Gemmy green tabular crystals of Fluorapatite to 1.5 cm are scattered across the backside of the piece with Muscovite and Chalcopyrite. The Fluorapatite crystals exhibit bright orange fluorescence in the presence of UVA light.
Mineral: | Cassiterite, Arsenopyrite, Fluorapatite, Chalcopyrite, Muscovite |
Locality: | Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal |  |
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Dimensions: | 11 cm x 6 cm x 3 cm |
Description: |
Cassiterite is one of the economic minerals mined at Panasqueira. The association of Cassiterite with Arsenopyrite and Chalcopyrite is no too common at the mine |
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20444 Time(s) |

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Mineral: | Cassiterite, Arsenopyrite, Fluorapatite, Chalcopyrite, Muscovite |
Locality: | Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal |  |
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Dimensions: | 11 cm x 6 cm x 3 cm |
Description: |
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Viewed: |
20493 Time(s) |

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Mineral: | Cassiterite, Arsenopyrite, Fluorapatite, Chalcopyrite, Muscovite |
Locality: | Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal |  |
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Dimensions: | 11 cm x 6 cm x 3 cm |
Description: |
Detail of the Cassiterite crystals |
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20453 Time(s) |

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Mineral: | Cassiterite, Arsenopyrite, Fluorapatite, Chalcopyrite, Muscovite |
Locality: | Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal |  |
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Dimensions: | 11 cm x 6 cm x 3 cm |
Description: |
Detail of the Cassiterite crystals |
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Viewed: |
20435 Time(s) |

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Mineral: | Cassiterite, Arsenopyrite, Fluorapatite, Chalcopyrite, Muscovite |
Locality: | Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal |  |
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Dimensions: | 11 cm x 6 cm x 3 cm |
Description: |
Detail of the Chalcopyrite crystals |
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20482 Time(s) |

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Mineral: | Cassiterite, Arsenopyrite, Fluorapatite, Chalcopyrite, Muscovite |
Dimensions: | 11 cm x 6 cm x 3 cm |
Description: |
Detail of the Fluorapatite crystals |
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20439 Time(s) |

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silvia
Joined: 10 Oct 2021
Posts: 259
Location: UK



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Posted: Oct 31, 2021 13:45 Post subject: Siderite - Silvia's Collection |
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Siderite, Quartz, Dolomite, Muscovite, Pyrite
The specimen exhibits large rhombohedral crystals of siderite to 8 cm in size with glassy translucent crystallized Quartz and colorless crystals of Dolomite to 1.3 cm in size. Microcrystals of Pyrite are scattered throughout the specimen.
Mineral: | Siderite, Quartz, Dolomite, Muscovite, Pyrite |
Locality: | Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal |  |
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Dimensions: | 11 cm x 8 cm x 7 cm |
Description: |
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Viewed: |
20357 Time(s) |

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Mineral: | Siderite, Quartz, Dolomite, Muscovite, Pyrite |
Locality: | Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal |  |
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Dimensions: | 11 cm x 8 cm x 7 cm |
Description: |
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Viewed: |
20342 Time(s) |

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Mineral: | Siderite, Quartz, Dolomite, Muscovite, Pyrite |
Locality: | Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal |  |
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Dimensions: | 11 cm x 8 cm x 7 cm |
Description: |
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Viewed: |
20349 Time(s) |

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Mineral: | Siderite, Quartz, Dolomite, Muscovite, Pyrite |
Locality: | Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal |  |
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Dimensions: | 11 cm x 8 cm x 7 cm |
Description: |
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Viewed: |
20374 Time(s) |

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Mineral: | Siderite and Dolomite |
Locality: | Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal |  |
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Dimensions: | 11 cm x 8 cm x 7 cm |
Description: |
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Viewed: |
20326 Time(s) |

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Mineral: | Siderite, Dolomite and Pyrite |
Locality: | Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal |  |
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Dimensions: | 11 cm x 8 cm x 7 cm |
Description: |
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Viewed: |
20361 Time(s) |

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